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51.
Stereoselective Reduction of 1‐O‐Isopropyloxygenipin Enhances Its Neuroprotective Activity in Neuronal Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Sodium Nitroprusside 下载免费PDF全文
Rikang Wang Jian Yang Sufen Liao Gaokeng Xiao Jun Luo Lang Zhang Peter J. Little Prof. Heru Chen Prof. Wenhua Zheng 《ChemMedChem》2014,9(7):1397-1401
Genipin is a Chinese herbal medicine with both neuroprotective and neuritogenic activity. Because of its unstable nature, efforts have been to develop more stable genipin derivatives with improved biological activities. Among the new compounds reported in the literature, (1R)‐isopropyloxygenipin (IPRG001) is a more stable but less active compound compared with the parent, genipin. Here, two new IPRG001 derivatives generated by stereoselective reduction of the C6=C7 double bond were synthesized. The 1R and 1S isomers of (4aS,7S,7aS)‐methyl‐7‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐isopropoxy‐1,4a,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran‐4‐carboxylate ( CHR20 and CHR21 ) were shown to be very stable both in high‐glucose cell culture medium and in mice serum at 37 °C. Evaluation using an MTT assay and Hoechst staining showed that CHR20 and CHR21 promote the survival of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) and retinal neuronal (RGC‐5) cells from injury induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The neuroprotective effects of CHR20 and CHR21 were greater than both isomers of IPRG001, the parent compounds. These results indicate that reduction of 1‐O‐isopropyloxygenipin enhances its neuroprotective activity without affecting its stability. 相似文献
52.
Maciej Giedyk Dr. Keith ó Proinsias Sylwester Kurcoń Dr. Iraida Sharina Dr. Emil Martin Prof. Dorota Gryko 《ChemMedChem》2014,9(10):2344-2350
Specially designed B‐ring‐modified cobalamin derivatives were synthesized and tested as potential activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Herein, we disclose the influence of substituents at the c‐ and d‐positions in hydrophilic and hydrophobic cobyrinic acid derivatives on their capacities to activate sGC. The presence of the amide group at c‐/d‐position in cobyrinic acid derivatives strongly influence the level of sGC activation. Removal of the d‐position altogether has a profound effect for hydrophobic compounds. In contrast, little differences were observed in hydrophilic ones. 相似文献
53.
Statistics is a branch of mathematics concerned with the collection, quantification, analysis, interpretation, and presentation
of real-world data, and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters with these data. Spatial statistics is a subset of statistics that is concerned with handling the special problems associated with geographically distributed
data, which include spatial point patterns, regional and lattice measurement aggregations, irregularly spaced site-specific
measurements on a surface, and image analysis. Meanwhile, econometrics is concerned with the application of statistical methods
to the study of economic data and problems. When coining the term spatial econometrics in 1979, Paelinck and Klaassen characterized it as a subset of econometrics that is concerned with the role of spatial dependence
in regional economic model response and explanatory variables, asymmetries in spatial relationships, the specification of
geographic structure governing spatial interactions, and the explicit modeling of space. We outline and discuss principal
similarities (e.g., testing for the presence of spatial autocorrelation) and differences (e.g., map generalization) between
spatial statistics and spatial econometrics. In doing so, our goal is to help clarify past, present, and future relationships
between these two subfields. 相似文献
54.
Economic models of urban spatial patterns have largely ignored complexity as an attribute of urban systems. Complexity theorists
on the other hand have not made sufficiently serious and sustained attempts to verify empirically the relevance of complex
systems models for urban spatial patterns. This research bridges this gap by simulating the evolution of an urban employment
pattern as a self-organizing complex system and seeking its empirical validation. It estimates the model’s parameters by using
firm data aggregated to the level of municipalities in Cleveland-Akron Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area in Ohio.
The interaction among four parameters, forces of attraction and dispersion and their respective rates of dissipation with
distance, are modeled as a two-dimensional complex system. The research compares the states of the modeled system with empirical
data to present viable methods for verification, calibration and validation of such models.
相似文献
55.
Abstract. This article analyses participation in the annual European congresses of the Regional Science Association (ERSA) from 1998 through 2003. We formulate goals that the ERSA conferences should aim at and based on these aims we formulate hypotheses about conference participation. In the empirical part we test hypotheses with regard to the spatial distribution of the participants over countries, the distribution of the frequency of attendance among the participants, and the presence of distance decay in participation. All hypotheses are confirmed. We also pay attention to the relation between the frequency of attendance and distance. In the conclusions we derive implications for future conferences. 相似文献
56.
On the measurement of comparative advantage 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper shows that the standard measure of revealed comparative advantage (RCA), ranging from 0 to ∞, has problematic properties. Due to its multiplicative specification, it has a moving mean larger than its expected value of 1, while its distribution strongly depends on the number of countries and industries. These properties make its outcomes incomparable across time and place and its economic interpretation problematic. We propose an alternative measure, the additive RCA, ranging from −1 to +1, with a symmetric distribution that centers on a stable mean of zero, independent of the classifications used. Statistical tests show the distribution of the additive index to be more stable. Besides, we propose an aggregate RCA, a regional specialization index, ranging from 0 for pure intra-industry trade to 1 for pure inter-industry trade. The same conclusions and proposals hold for the multiplicative location quotient (LQ), which is used as a measure for the revealed locational attractiveness of certain regions or countries for certain types of industry.
相似文献
Jan OosterhavenEmail: |
57.
We propose an autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model with periodic time-varying parameters and multiplicative error form. We name this model periodic autoregressive conditional duration (PACD). First, we study the stability properties and the moment structures of it. Second, we estimate the model parameters, using (profile and two-stage) Gamma quasi-maximum likelihood estimates (QMLEs), the asymptotic properties of which are examined under general regularity conditions. Our estimation method encompasses the exponential QMLE, as a particular case. The proposed methodology is illustrated with simulated data and two empirical applications on forecasting Bitcoin trading volume and realized volatility. We found that the PACD produces better in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts than the standard ACD. 相似文献
58.
固态电解质是高安全性、高能量密度的全固态锂电池的核心部件,其典型代表Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO)具有高离子电导率、高机械强度、高电化学稳定性、低界面阻抗以及对锂金属负极良好的稳定性等优势,是科研人员重点关注的对象之一,但与液态电解质相比,目前LLZO仍存在低离子电导率和与电极固-固界面接触等问题。本文主要简介了LLZO的晶体结构、改性方式等对其离子电导率及界面阻抗的影响,同时对LLZO现存的问题进行了总结,对LLZO的未来发展方向进行了展望,为探索全固态锂电池的实际生产应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
59.
60.
Fatma Kiliç Dokan 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2022,19(3):1756-1765
This work reports the combined effect of the morphology and crystallization to investigate the role of Yb3+ as an additive in Li4Ti5O12 crystals on its photocatalytic and photoluminescence (PL) properties. With the pure phase, the synthesized samples have a spherical morphology and spherical structure with good crystallinity and uniform particle size distribution. Li4Ti5O12 doped with ytterbium (Yb3+), were obtained by a new optimized hydrothermal approach. The crystal properties and surface morphology of the synthesized compounds were examined by X-ray diffraction method and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Bond structures and surface areas were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses. Finally, the excitation and emission spectra were obtained by a PL spectrophotometer. The PL results show that room-temperature PL of Yb3+ doped Li4Ti5O12 phosphor has an emission peak at 710 nm which can be attributed to Li4Ti5O12 crystal defect emission. Moreover, it has been found that Yb doping resulted in enhancement of photocatalytic activity, evaluated by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue solution. Note that, 0.01% Yb doped lithium titania phosphor exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity. 相似文献